فصلنامه خانواده پژوهی
پیاپی 4 (زمستان 1384)

The main aim of the present research is to investigate the effect of the structural family therapy approach (according to Minuchin theory) to increase marital satisfaction and recovery of family performance with at least one child who suffer from the separation anxiety disorder (SAD) who participated in this study. All families were randomly divided in two main groups including experimental and control groups. According to the level of the family education experimental and control groups were divided in two subgroups including high educated and low educated families. A battery of the instruments which consist from Enrich Satisfaction Test and Family Performance Inventory (Mousavi et al. 2005) were used in pre, post and follow up stages across 4 sub-groups. Two experimental sub-groups were received 10 sessions of the family intervention program, while control group were on the waiting list. SPSS and LISREL programs were used to analyze the data to get the descriptive statistics, analysis of repeated measures and Post hoc to compare the means. The results showed no significant difference between two subgroups i.e. high educated and low educated sub-groups. The results also indicated a significant difference between two groups on the Enrich Family Satisfaction Test and Family Performance which means that the experimental group performed better than control group (p< 0.001). Significant difference was not found between two experimental sub-groups (i.e. high educated and low educated families). Therefore, this is distinguished that the structural family therapy approach is effective on increasing of marital satisfaction and recovery of family performance in mentioned families.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cognitive-behavioral group training and manual based training on marital satisfaction of wives and husbands respectively. The experimental design with pretest, posttest and follow-up was used.The questionnaires were consisted of ENRICH questionnaire and demographic questionnaire. The sample included 28 parents of elementary school children in Isfahan,Iran.Who were selected though cluster sampling. Subjects were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. Women in the experimental group received eight sessions of cognitive- behavioral training and their spouses received manual based training.Results of analysis of covariance showed that cognitive- behavioral training, joint with manual based training, increased marital satisfaction in the experimental group compared with the control group. Thirty seven percent of the variance of the marital satisfaction scores were related to the group assignment (P<0/01).The effects of Cognitive –behavioral training were also the follow – up (P<0/01).

The study investigates the effect of listening attention education on the amount of active listening and communication patterns of couples among married students of Shahid Beheshti University. A sample of (20 couples volunteered to participate in this research through announcement and were located randomly in educational and control group with 10 couples in each. Educating attention and active listening to musical structures including rhythm, melody, orchestration and harmony has been applied as experimental method. tow questionnaires, communication patterns and listening skills, were empolyed. T-test results of pretest and posttest revealed that there is a significant difference (p<0/05) between groups. Gender has been considered as control variant. Furthermore comparative study of experimental groups and control that listening – musical attention education is more efficient and effective in reducing listening problems and increasing the listening skills, improving the communication patterns.

This article is going to study the effects of Individual and occupational awareness and entrepreneurship training programs on self-esteem and entrepreneurial trends of head house holder women in Tehran. Participants were 193 head house holder women, 18-58 years old selected randomly from four women centers in Tehran. Two centers were supported by Tehran Welfare Organization in East and west districts, one helped by Imam Khomeini Relief Committee, and another one was affliated to Mehr Women's NGO.Three questionnaires were given to a total number of 193 head house holder (81 women from East Welfare Center; 43 from West Welfare Center; 35 women from Relief Committee;and 34 from Mehr Women’s NGO). The instruments used in this study were Personal & Occupational Information Questionnaire; Coopersmith’s Self-Esteem Inventory; and Entrepreneurship Evaluation Questionnaire. In general, four sample groups Participated in awareness and entrepreneurship training programs for 280 hours (70 hours for each group). Design of the study was semi-experimental without control group.One week after the final session, post-test was given to all groups. Hypotheses of the study were: individual and occupational awareness and entrepreneurship training programs are effective on self-esteem and entrepreneurial trends of women; and there is relationship between self-esteem and entrepreneurial trends of women. In order to analyze the data descriptive statistics, such as mean, standard deviation; and inferential statistics including t-test, regression were employed.The results of the study indicate that, individual and occupational awareness and entrepreneurship training programs are effective on self-esteem and entrepreneurial trends of head house holder women. Also, there is positive and significant relationship between self-esteem and entrepreneurial trends of women.Finaly, it was suggested that individual and occupational awareness and entrepreneurship training programs are in need to encourage women to enter to the labor market.

Beliefs, ideas and though have a strong effect on interpersonal relationships, specially couple relationships. Adult attechment styles also control marriage relationship either adjustment or maladjustment. This study investigates relations between irrational beliefs, attachment styles and marital adjustment. The major hypothesis in this research is that there is a significant relation between irrational beliefs and attachment styles in one hand and marital adjustment in couples on the other hand. One hundred couples in Mashad city were chosen from four different socio-economic regions of the city. Assessment Test of irrational Belief (structure according to the Ellis Theory, 1992), Adult Attachment Styles Scale (Hazan & shaver, 1987) and Marital Adjustment Test) Locke & Wallace, 1959) were Complited by participants. Analysis of results show that there is a significant relation between irrational beliefs (except lack of emotion control and perfectionism) and marital adjustment and also between attachment styles and marital adjustment moreover, in various types of attachment styles, there were significant differences between beliefs of “excessive expectations”, “disappointment reaction”, “anxious worry”, “avoidance of difficulties”, “feeling hopelessness to changing the self” and “perfectionism”.Discussion is mainly focused on this issues that irrational belief and attachment styles is relation with marital adjustment. So Belief, ideas, thought and type of adult attachment styles have a strong associations with marital adjustment.

Marital adjustment has long been a critical issue to be addressed by decision makers. Research suggest that various emotional-related abilities are important for a happy long-term marriage. These abilities include the accurate perception and identification of emotion, the clear expression of emotions (especially positive ones), and mutual understanding, and effective emotion regulation. It could be argued that all these abilities are potentially involved in emotional intelligence (Ciarrochi, Forgas, Mayer, 2001). The present study was aimed to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and marital adjustment among married female teachers in Tehran.Participants (N=109) randomly selected from all school levels. Then Emotional Quotient Inventory (Bar-On,1980) and Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Spanier,1971) were administred to all participants. Analysis of data (Pearson correlation and linear stepwise regression) indicated a significant relationship between emotional intelligece and marital adjustment (0.42). Linear stepwise regression revealed that general mood factor (happiness and optimism) at step 1 and interpersonal factor at step could significantly predict marital adjustment.

This paper examines relationship between attachment styles and polygamy using a sample of 245 married men. Previous research indicates a relationship between attachment styles and adult behavioral patterns, especially in romantic relationships and marital adjustment.According to each person's marital history, monogamous and polygamous subjects were identified Using Hazan and Shaver's adult attachment Styles, and their attachment styles were determined.The results of the Null hypothesis test indicate that a meaningful relationship can not be found between attachment styles and polygamy. The X2 test indicates that secure attachment style is common in both groups (monogamous %75 and polygamous %65). Based on the findings of the research, insecure attachment styles can not represent polygamy and this type of behavior shows a stronger relationship with secure attachment patterns. It seems that the evolutionary basis of mating behavior has preserved itself in the context of each society, unaffected by cultural definitions, rules and regulations. Consequently polygamous behavior (either in it's legal form or as an extra marital relationship) exists in many societies. Since attachment theory benefits from Evolutionary Psychology and etiology, it seems natural that, at least from this particular point of view, polygamous behavior should be considered normal and free of psychopathologic factors.